shangbiaoquanzuoweiyizhongchangjiandezhishichanquan，juyousiquanshuxing，dangranshikeyizhuanrangde。danshi，xiangduiyuyouxingcaichanquaneryan
，shangbiaoquanshuyuwuxingcaichan，youjuyouyidingdedutexing，youcidaozhishangbiaozhuanrangguochengyoubieyuyibandeyouxingcaichanquanzhuanrang。yixiacongsangefangmianlaitantanshangbiaozhuanrangdezhuyishixiang。

1 哪些商標可以轉讓？

1.1 注冊商標：我國《商標法》第42條明確規定
，注冊商標可以進行轉讓。

1.2 申請中的商標：對於已經受理、但(dan)是(shi)還(hai)沒(mei)有(you)獲(huo)得(de)注(zhu)冊(ce)的(de)商(shang)標(biao)，雖(sui)然(ran)商(shang)標(biao)法(fa)沒(mei)有(you)明(ming)文(wen)規(gui)定(ding)，但(dan)是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)，隨(sui)著(zhe)審(shen)查(zha)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)進(jin)行(xing)，這(zhe)類(lei)商(shang)標(biao)是(shi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)獲(huo)得(de)成(cheng)功(gong)注(zhu)冊(ce)的(de)
，因(yin)此(ci)實(shi)務(wu)中(zhong)是(shi)允(yun)許(xu)此(ci)類(lei)商(shang)標(biao)參(can)照(zhao)注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)的(de)。

1.3 未注冊商標：我國商標保護製度是以注冊原則為主

、使用原則為輔。因此，對於已經投入使用、但是沒有進行注冊申請的商標，或者曾經申請過、但(dan)是(shi)被(bei)駁(bo)回(hui)的(de)商(shang)標(biao)，通(tong)常(chang)隻(zhi)有(you)在(zai)知(zhi)名(ming)度(du)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)等(deng)特(te)殊(shu)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)
，才(cai)可(ke)能(neng)獲(huo)得(de)保(bao)護(hu)
，而(er)且(qie)所(suo)獲(huo)得(de)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)通(tong)常(chang)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)專(zhuan)用(yong)權(quan)。對(dui)於(yu)此(ci)類(lei)商(shang)標(biao)的(de)權(quan)益(yi)，一(yi)般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)主(zhu)體(ti)關(guan)係(xi)密(mi)切(qie)，因(yin)此(ci)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)常(chang)規(gui)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)商(shang)標(biao)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)。

2 商標轉讓的手續是怎樣的？

2.1 基本要求

在(zai)實(shi)行(xing)注(zhu)冊(ce)製(zhi)原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)進(jin)行(xing)商(shang)標(biao)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)

，一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)要(yao)求(qiu)到(dao)商(shang)標(biao)主(zhu)管(guan)機(ji)關(guan)進(jin)行(xing)登(deng)記(ji)備(bei)案(an)。中(zhong)國(guo)也(ye)不(bu)例(li)外(wai)。根(gen)據(ju)我(wo)國(guo)商(shang)標(biao)法(fa)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)，轉(zhuan)讓(rang)人(ren)和(he)受(shou)讓(rang)人(ren)應(ying)當(dang)簽(qian)訂(ding)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)協(xie)議(yi)，並(bing)共(gong)同(tong)向(xiang)商(shang)標(biao)局(ju)提(ti)出(chu)申(shen)請(qing)。經(jing)核(he)準(zhun)後(hou)
，由(you)商(shang)標(biao)局(ju)予(yu)以(yi)公(gong)告(gao)。受(shou)讓(rang)人(ren)自(zi)公(gong)告(gao)之(zhi)日(ri)起(qi)享(xiang)有(you)相(xiang)關(guan)權(quan)利(li)。

2.2 實務操作

實shi務wu操cao作zuo中zhong

，一yi般ban不bu需xu要yao提ti供gong實shi際ji的de轉zhuan讓rang合he同tong，但dan是shi需xu要yao提ti供gong雙shuang方fang共gong同tong簽qian章zhang的de同tong意yi轉zhuan讓rang證zheng明ming或huo者zhe轉zhuan讓rang申shen請qing書shu。目mu前qian的de轉zhuan讓rang周zhou期qi大da約yue是shi半ban年nian左zuo右you。如ru發fa生sheng連lian續xu轉zhuan讓rang的de情qing況kuang
，需xu等deng到dao第di一yi步bu轉zhuan讓rang核he準zhun公gong告gao後hou才cai能neng進jin行xing第di二er步bu的de轉zhuan讓rang申shen請qing。如ru果guo委wei托tuo代dai理li機ji構gou辦ban理li的de話hua

，還hai需xu要yao提ti交jiao委wei托tuo書shu
，而er且qie轉zhuan讓rang方fang和he受shou讓rang方fang必bi須xu委wei托tuo同tong一yi家jia代dai理li機ji構gou。具ju體ti申shen請qing形xing式shi，目mu前qian有you電dian子zi申shen請qing和he傳chuan統tong的de紙zhi件jian申shen請qing兩liang種zhong方fang式shi，對dui比bi如ru下xia：

3 商標轉讓過程中的法律風險

3.1 申請中的商標不能成功注冊的風險

雖然申請中的商標允許進行轉讓，但是此類商標在審查過程中可能因種種原因而不能成功注冊，如基於相對理由或者絕對理由被駁回；jishitongguoleshizhishenzha，jinruweiqisangeyuedegonggaoqi
，qijianhaiyoukenengbeitarentichuyiyideqingkuang。yinci
，duicileishangbiaoeryan，shourangrenyaoyouchongfendesixiangzhunbei
，bunengrenweishouliledeshangbiaoshenqingbiranhuihuodezhuce。

3.2 商標轉讓申請不被核準的風險

shangbiaodejibengongnengshishibieshangpinlaiyuandezuoyong。yinci，yibanbuyunxuzaixiangtonghuozheleisishangpinshangyouxiangtonghuozheleisideshangbiaogongcun。duiyutongyishangbiaochiyoureneryan
，qimingxiachiyouduojianleisishenzhixiangtongdeshangbiao，buhuiyingxiangdaoshangbiaogongnengdefahui。danshi，ruguogaichiyourenjinjinjiangqizhongdebufenshangbiaozhuanranggeitaren，shibizaochengshangbiaoshibiegongnengdesangshi。yinci，duiyushangbiaozhuanrangshenqing，shangbiaojuhuijinxingzhefangmiandeshizhishenzha
，jutiyaoqiushi：zhuanrangrenduiqizaitongyizhongshangpinshangzhucedejinsideshangbiao，huozhezaileisishangpinshangzhucedexiangtonghuozhejinsishangbiao
，yingdangyibingzhuanrang。bufuheyaoqiude
，shangbiaozhuanrangjiangbuyuhezhun。ciwai

，duirongyidaozhihunxiaohuozheyouqitabuliangyingxiangdezhuanrang，shangbiaojuyehuibuyuhezhun。yinci，shourangfangxuyaotiqianzuohaozhefangmiandejinzhitiaozha

，bingqiezaizhuanranghetongzhongduicileifengxianjinxingmingquedeyueding。

3.3 轉讓的商標可能存在權利瑕疵的風險

duiyuyijingchenggongzhucedeshangbiao，suiranjingguoleshangbiaojudeshenzha，danshiqiquanlikenengshicunzaixiacide

，yuanyinzaiyu，zaishangbiaozhuceguochengzhong
，youyuzhongzhongyuanyinkenengcunzaizhucebudangdeqingxing。yinci，geguopubianshelileshangbiaozhucehoudexuangaowuxiaochengxu，yicilaiduizhucebudangdeqingxingjinxingjiuzheng。woguo《商標法》第五章規定了注冊商標的無效宣告程序。常見的無效理由有
，和在先的商標構成近似
、惡意搶注、sunhaitarenzaixianquanlidengdeng。shangbiaowuxiaoxuangaokenengfashengzaiqiandingzhuanranghetongqian，yekeyifashengzaiqiandingzhuanranghetonghou。xuyaozhichudeshi，duiyuqiandingzhuanranghetonghoudewuxiaoxuangaochengxu
，yibanqingkuangxiabingbushiyongshanyiqudeyuanze。

3.4 與注冊商標使用相關的特殊風險

除chu了le上shang述shu權quan利li瑕xia疵ci外wai，還hai可ke能neng涉she及ji兩liang類lei與yu注zhu冊ce商shang標biao使shi用yong相xiang關guan的de特te殊shu風feng險xian。如ru上shang所suo述shu，商shang標biao的de基ji本ben功gong能neng是shi識shi別bie商shang品pin來lai源yuan的de作zuo用yong。而er這zhe個ge功gong能neng的de發fa揮hui離li不bu開kai商shang標biao的de使shi用yong。因yin此ci
，一yi方fang麵mian
，注zhu冊ce商shang標biao不bu能neng使shi用yong得de太tai少shao。如ru果guo使shi用yong得de太tai少shao，肯ken定ding發fa揮hui不bu了le商shang標biao的de作zuo用yong。因yin此ci對dui於yu長chang期qi怠dai於yu使shi用yong的de商shang標biao，在zai很hen多duo國guo家jia都dou屬shu於yu可ke以yi撤che銷xiao的de情qing形xing。在zai中zhong國guo，如ru果guo一yi個ge注zhu冊ce商shang標biao連lian續xu三san年nian沒mei有you使shi用yong的de話hua
，任ren何he人ren都dou可ke以yi申shen請qing對dui其qi進jin行xing撤che銷xiao。另ling一yi方fang麵mian，注zhu冊ce商shang標biao的de使shi用yong也ye不bu能neng過guo度du。如ru果guo同tong行xing業ye的de人ren都dou開kai始shi使shi用yong某mou注zhu冊ce商shang標biao來lai指zhi代dai某mou一yi類lei商shang品pin，即ji該gai注zhu冊ce商shang標biao成cheng為wei通tong用yong名ming稱cheng的de時shi候hou，其qi識shi別bie來lai源yuan的de功gong能neng基ji本ben上shang就jiu喪sang失shi了le。這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang下xia

，任ren何he人ren都dou可ke以yi以yi此ci為wei由you請qing求qiu宣xuan告gao該gai注zhu冊ce商shang標biao無wu效xiao。比bi如ru，氟fu利li昂ang
、阿司匹林、席xi夢meng思si等deng最zui初chu都dou是shi注zhu冊ce商shang標biao，後hou來lai由you於yu使shi用yong過guo度du了le，導dao致zhi很hen多duo人ren以yi為wei是shi通tong用yong名ming稱cheng，這zhe個ge時shi候hou該gai注zhu冊ce商shang標biao就jiu從cong私si人ren所suo有you財cai產chan變bian成cheng了le社she會hui公gong有you資zi源yuan。因yin此ci，商shang標biao的de受shou讓rang人ren在zai受shou讓rang過guo程cheng中zhong
，需xu要yao對dui商shang標biao的de使shi用yong情qing況kuang進jin行xing適shi當dang的de調tiao查zha。

綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu)
，經(jing)過(guo)商(shang)標(biao)局(ju)的(de)審(shen)查(zha)核(he)準(zhun)，注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)標(biao)和(he)申(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)的(de)商(shang)標(biao)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)。商(shang)標(biao)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)
，存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)有(you)別(bie)於(yu)有(you)形(xing)財(cai)產(chan)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)特(te)殊(shu)法(fa)律(lv)風(feng)險(xian)。轉(zhuan)讓(rang)雙(shuang)方(fang)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)受(shou)讓(rang)人(ren)一(yi)方(fang)，事(shi)先(xian)應(ying)當(dang)對(dui)這(zhe)些(xie)風(feng)險(xian)進(jin)行(xing)調(tiao)查(zha)。如(ru)有(you)必(bi)要(yao)
，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)對(dui)此(ci)類(lei)風(feng)險(xian)進(jin)行(xing)明(ming)確(que)約(yue)定(ding)
，以(yi)保(bao)障(zhang)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)安(an)全(quan)。