職(zhi)工(gong)因(yin)遭(zao)受(shou)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)以(yi)外(wai)第(di)三(san)人(ren)侵(qin)權(quan)，同(tong)時(shi)構(gou)成(cheng)工(gong)傷(shang)的(de)情(qing)形(xing)較(jiao)為(wei)常(chang)見(jian)，實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)由(you)於(yu)牽(qian)涉(she)不(bu)同(tong)主(zhu)體(ti)利(li)益(yi)，極(ji)易(yi)引(yin)發(fa)爭(zheng)議(yi)。本(ben)文(wen)主(zhu)要(yao)從(cong)法(fa)律(lv)依(yi)據(ju)、zhigongdeweiquanyijiyongrendanweichengdandezerendengfangmianqianxizhigongyindisanrenqinquangouchenggongshangdechuliyijian，yiciweizhigongjiyongrendanweichulicileiwentitigongcankao。
一、職工因第三人侵權構成工傷的維權問題
genjufalvguiding，zhigongyindisanrenqinquanshoudaorenshensunhai，gouchenggongshangde，zhigongyouquantongshihuodegongshangbaoxianpeichangherenshensunhaipeichang。danshi，yiliaofeiyongbufenbudezhongfuhuopei。xiangguanfalvyijujifenxiruxia：
（一）最高人民法院公報案例
根據2006年的最高人民法院公報案例《楊文偉訴寶二十冶公司人身損害賠償糾紛案》[1]，fayuanrenweisuirangongshangbaoxianpeichangherenshensunhaipeichangjiyutongyisunhaishishi，danshiliangzhexijiyubutongfalvguanxi。qianzheshijiyugongshangshigudefasheng，xingchenglaodongzheyuyongrendanweizhijiandegongshangbaoxianpeichangguanxi。erhouzheshiyouyuyongrendanweiyiwaidedisanrenqinquan，xingchenglaodongzheyuqinquanrenzhijiandeqinquanzhizhaifalvguanxi。liangzhehubupaichi，laodongzheyouquanxiangyongrendanweizhuzhanggongshangbaoxianpeichang，tongshixiangqinquanrenzhuzhangrenshensunhaipeichang。gaianzhong，fayuanrenweiyongrendanweiheqinquanrenyingdangyifachengdangezisuofudepeichangzeren。
（二）《最高人民法院關於審理工傷保險行政案件若幹問題的規定》
2014年6月18日，最高人民法院發布《最高人民法院關於審理工傷保險行政案件若幹問題的規定》，明確了因第三人的原因造成工傷的處理方式，其中第八條規定：
“職(zhi)工(gong)因(yin)第(di)三(san)人(ren)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)受(shou)到(dao)傷(shang)害(hai)，社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)行(xing)政(zheng)部(bu)門(men)以(yi)職(zhi)工(gong)或(huo)者(zhe)其(qi)近(jin)親(qin)屬(shu)已(yi)經(jing)對(dui)第(di)三(san)人(ren)提(ti)起(qi)民(min)事(shi)訴(su)訟(song)或(huo)者(zhe)獲(huo)得(de)民(min)事(shi)賠(pei)償(chang)為(wei)由(you)，作(zuo)出(chu)不(bu)予(yu)受(shou)理(li)工(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定(ding)申(shen)請(qing)或(huo)者(zhe)不(bu)予(yu)認(ren)定(ding)工(gong)傷(shang)決(jue)定(ding)的(de)，人(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)不(bu)予(yu)支(zhi)持(chi)。
職zhi工gong因yin第di三san人ren的de原yuan因yin受shou到dao傷shang害hai，社she會hui保bao險xian行xing政zheng部bu門men已yi經jing作zuo出chu工gong傷shang認ren定ding，職zhi工gong或huo者zhe其qi近jin親qin屬shu未wei對dui第di三san人ren提ti起qi民min事shi訴su訟song或huo者zhe尚shang未wei獲huo得de民min事shi賠pei償chang，起qi訴su要yao求qiu社she會hui保bao險xian經jing辦ban機ji構gou支zhi付fu工gong傷shang保bao險xian待dai遇yu的de，人ren民min法fa院yuan應ying予yu支zhi持chi。
zhigongyindisanrendeyuanyindaozhigongshang，shehuibaoxianjingbanjigouyizhigonghuozheqijinqinshuyijingduidisanrentiqiminshisusongweiyou，jujuezhifugongshangbaoxiandaiyude，renminfayuanbuyuzhichi，dandisanrenyijingzhifudeyiliaofeiyongchuwai。”
congshangshuguidingkejian，zhigongyindisanrendeyuanyindaozhigongshang，buguanzhigonghuoqijinqinshushifouyiduidisanrentiqiminshisusong，junyouquanhuodegongshangbaoxiandaiyu。danshijiuyiliaofeiyongbufen，ruodisanrenyijingzhifu，zezhigonghuoqijinqinshubudezhongfuhuopei。
（三）《第八次全國法院民事商事審判工作會議(民事部分)紀要》
2016年11月21日，最高人民法院印發了《第八次全國法院民事商事審判工作會議(民事部分)紀要》，其中對侵權糾紛案件審理中關於社會保險與侵權責任的關係問題，作出如下意見：“9.被bei侵qin權quan人ren有you權quan獲huo得de工gong傷shang保bao險xian待dai遇yu或huo者zhe其qi他ta社she會hui保bao險xian待dai遇yu的de，侵qin權quan人ren的de侵qin權quan責ze任ren不bu因yin受shou害hai人ren獲huo得de社she會hui保bao險xian而er減jian輕qing或huo者zhe免mian除chu。根gen據ju社she會hui保bao險xian法fa第di三san十shi條tiao和he四si十shi二er條tiao的de規gui定ding，被bei侵qin權quan人ren有you權quan請qing求qiu工gong傷shang保bao險xian基ji金jin或huo者zhe其qi他ta社she會hui保bao險xian支zhi付fu工gong傷shang保bao險xian待dai遇yu或huo者zhe其qi他ta保bao險xian待dai遇yu。10．yongrendanweiweiyifajiaonagongshangbaoxianfei，laodongzheyindisanrenqinquanzaochengrenshensunhaibinggouchenggongshang，qinquanrenyijingpeichangde，laodongzheyouquanqingqiuyongrendanweizhifuchuyiliaofeizhiwaidegongshangbaoxiandaiyu。yongrendanweixianxingzhifugongshangbaoxiandaiyude，keyijiuyiliaofeiyongzaidisanrenyingchengdandepeichangzerenfanweineixiangqizhuichang。”
bizherenwei，ruozhigongyindisanrenqinquangouchenggongshang，zetongchanglaishuogongshangbaoxianpeichangjiaoweibianjie，qiebulunyongrendanweishifouyifajiaonagongshangbaoxian，gongshangzhigongjunyouquanxiangshougongshangbaoxiandaiyu。errenshensunhaipeichangzexiangduixuyaozhigongtourugengduoshijianhechengbenquweiquan，qieweiquanjieguoyihuiyinqinquanrendeshijipeifunengliershoudaoyingxiang。bizhejianyi，dangzhigongyindisanrenqinquandaozhigongshangde，zhigonghuoqijinqinshuchujijixiangyongrendanweizhuzhangquanliwai，rengyingdangjijixiangqinquandisanrenzhuzhangquanli，bingweituolvshijiehejutianjianshijiqingkuangxiezhuweiquan，yizuidahuabaozhangzishendehefaquanyi。
二、用人單位未依法繳納工傷保險的責任與風險
gongshangbaoxianshishehuibaoxiandezuchengbufen，shuyuqiangzhixingbaoxian，yongrendanweiyingdangyifaweizhigongjiaonagongshangbaoxian。gongshangbaoxiandejijiyiyizaiyubaozhangyingongzuozaoshoushigushanghaihuozhehuanzhiyebingdezhigonghuodeyiliaojiuzhihejingjibuchang，cujingongshangyufanghezhiyekangfu，fensanyongrendanweidegongshangfengxian。
根據《社會保險法》規gui定ding，由you於yu第di三san人ren的de原yuan因yin造zao成cheng工gong傷shang，第di三san人ren不bu支zhi付fu工gong傷shang醫yi療liao費fei用yong或huo者zhe無wu法fa確que定ding第di三san人ren的de，由you工gong傷shang保bao險xian基ji金jin先xian行xing支zhi付fu。工gong傷shang保bao險xian基ji金jin先xian行xing支zhi付fu後hou，有you權quan向xiang第di三san人ren追zhui償chang。但dan是shi，職zhi工gong所suo在zai用yong人ren單dan位wei未wei依yi法fa繳jiao納na工gong傷shang保bao險xian費fei，發fa生sheng工gong傷shang事shi故gu的de，則ze由you用yong人ren單dan位wei支zhi付fu工gong傷shang保bao險xian待dai遇yu。用yong人ren單dan位wei不bu支zhi付fu的de，從cong工gong傷shang保bao險xian基ji金jin中zhong先xian行xing支zhi付fu，後hou由you用yong人ren單dan位wei償chang還hai。因yin此ci，若ruo職zhi工gong發fa生sheng工gong傷shang事shi故gu，而er用yong人ren單dan位wei未wei依yi法fa繳jiao納na工gong傷shang保bao險xian費fei，則ze工gong傷shang保bao險xian待dai遇yu實shi際ji將jiang由you用yong人ren單dan位wei承cheng擔dan。
若前述工傷事故係因第三人侵權造成，根據《社會保險法》disishiertiaodengfalvguiding，yongrendanweixianxingzhifugongshangbaoxiandaiyude，keyijiuyiliaofeiyongzaidisanrenyingchengdandepeichangzerenfanweineixiangqizhuichang。danshi，chuyiliaofeiyongyiwai，falvbingweifuyuyongrendanweixiangqinquanrendezhuichangquan。
shijianzhong，zengyoubufendifangfayuanjianyugongshangzhigongshijibuhuizaixiangqinquanrenzhuzhangpeichang，jinergenjugongpingyuanze，zaitiaojiezhongyaoqiuqinquanrencanyufendanweiyifajiaonagongshangbaoxianyongrendanweidesunshi。buguo，bizherenweigaidengqingkuangbujuyouchangtaixing，qiequefachongfendefalvyiju。yifangmianyongrendanweichuzhuichangyiliaofeiyongwai，bingwuxiangqinquanrenzhuichangyinzhifuzhigonggongshangbaoxiandaiyuerzaoshousunshidequanli。lingyifangmianduiyuyongrendanweiyiwaideqinquanreneryan，qinquanrenyugongshangzhigongbingwulaodongguanxi，fendanzhigonggongshangbaoxiandaiyuyibujuyouhelixing。zaizhe，ruozhihougongshangzhigongrengzaixiangqinquandisanrenzhuzhangpeichang，yihuiyinfaxindemaodunhechuxianxindewenti。
bizhezaicitixing，yongrendanweiruobuyifaweizhigongjiaonagongshangbaoxian，zekenenghuibeixingzhengbumenchuyifakuan。qieyidanfashenggongshangshigu，yongrendanweixuxianggongshangzhigongzhifugongshangbaoxiandaiyu。weibimiangaidengfengxian，yongrendanweiwubiyifaweizhigongjiaonagongshangbaoxian。
注釋：
[1] 楊文偉訴寶二十冶公司人身損害賠償糾紛案，《最高人民法院公報》2006年第08期
